
Legal status of the individual representative
The individual representative of a legal entity acting as a director assumes an organic position with full joint and several liability. This appointment carries significant
The Portuguese State Budget for 2025, enacted through Law no. 45-A/2024 of December 31, introduces a series of tax measures aimed at at strengthening the competitiveness of companies and improving employees compensation. The following changes took effect on January 1, 2025.
1. Adjustments to the Corporate Income Tax (IRC)
(a) Reduction in Corporate Tax Rates:
2. Portuguese Property Transfer Tax (IMT): An update of the brackets used to determine the applicable IMT rate for the transfer of urban properties or autonomous units of urban properties exclusively intended for housing is planned, with an increase of 2,3%. The threshold above which IMT is payable is raised from EUR 101.917 to EUR 104.261.
3. Reporting obligations: The obligation to submit the SAF-T (PT) file related to accounting has been deferred once again, now applying to the 2026 tax periods and beyond, to be submitted in 2027 and in subsequent periods.
4. Value Added Tax (VAT): The extension of the possibility to use PDF invoices (without a digital signature or certification seal) as electronic invoices for all purposes under tax legislation is once again anticipated, now until December 31, 2025.
The individual representative of a legal entity acting as a director assumes an organic position with full joint and several liability. This appointment carries significant
Establishing a company in Spain can be a quick and efficient process if well planned. However, when the founder is a foreign individual or entity,
Spain has become one of the most attractive destinations for international professionals and entrepreneurs thanks to a combination of quality of life, global connectivity, and—most