
Bylaws and legal design of the business: keys to structuring a company from the outset
Bylaws as an instrument for the legal design of the business In today’s commercial world, there is a tendency to view the incorporation of a
The SAP IB 3022/2023 ruling dated 23 November 2023 issued by the Provincial Court of Palma de Mallorca, heard the case referring to a lack of agreement between two joint and several directors of a company, which in turn was a shareholder of another legal entity, in relation to which of the directors should act on behalf of the company at the General Shareholders’ Meeting.
The relevance of the ruling lies in the fact that the two directors had sufficient powers to represent the company at the general meeting, but with the exclusion of representation in favor of the other company.
Thus, the ruling applies Article 126 of the Capital Companies Act by analogy, to conclude that this is the same as in cases where the co-owners of company shares must appoint a single representative of the joint ownership for the purpose of attending and voting at the general meeting.
The appointment of a single representative allows for the unified exercise of the shareholder’s rights, which, as we can see, also applies in situations of co-ownership of company shares, similar to an estate pending distribution.

Bylaws as an instrument for the legal design of the business In today’s commercial world, there is a tendency to view the incorporation of a

The obligation to prepare annual accounts: much more than an accounting formality Article 253 of the Spanish Companies Act (LSC) governs the obligation of directors

Executive Summary The Provincial Court of Barcelona has issued a landmark judgment clarifying the exercise of a shareholder’s right of separation due to failure to