
Capitalisation of a Company by its Shareholders under Portuguese Companies Code
We are often asked about the best way for the shareholders of a commercial company to capitalise their company without resorting to third-party debt (i.e.,
The bylaws are a set of essential rules governing both the operation and the internal organization of a company. The execution of the bylaws is a mandatory requirement in the public deed of incorporation for a company to acquire legal personality, which is materialized by their registration in the Commercial Register.
The bylaws governing companies must include, as a minimum, the following information:
The founding shareholders are free to include in the articles of association and bylaws all those covenants and conditions that they consider appropriate for the proper functioning of the company, provided that they do not contravene the laws in force or the essential principles of the type of company chosen.

We are often asked about the best way for the shareholders of a commercial company to capitalise their company without resorting to third-party debt (i.e.,

The regulatory environment in Spain for 2026 marks a turning point toward digitalization and corporate transparency. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), these developments should

In the coming weeks, news about the start of the 2025 income tax campaign will begin to proliferate on social media, in the general press