
IRPF: Tax residence can be proven by means other than a certificate
Executive Summary The High Court of Justice of Madrid, in its ruling 681/2025 of 17 September (rec. no. 1991/2021), confirms that a tax residence certificate
Qualification Criteria
Portugal has established clear criteria for startups seeking certification. To qualify, a company (i) must have been active for less than 10 years, (ii) have fewer than 250 employees, (iii) have an annual turnover of no more than 50 million euros, (iv) cannot be the result of the transformation or spin-off of a large company and (v) cannot have a majority shareholding in a large company.
These criteria, among others, set the scene for startups seeking to qualify for the benefits of the NHR 2024.
NHR 2024 for employees and board members of startups
Tax residents in Portugal from 2024 onwards enjoy a flat rate of 20% on personal income earned in Portugal and exemption from tax on foreign income from various categories.
Other benefits
In short, the NHR 2024 is more than a tax incentive; it’s a catalyst for growth, innovation and international collaboration. By fostering a welcoming environment for startups, Portugal stands out as a beacon for those seeking not only tax advantages, but also a vibrant ecosystem to boost their entrepreneurial journey.
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Executive Summary The High Court of Justice of Madrid, in its ruling 681/2025 of 17 September (rec. no. 1991/2021), confirms that a tax residence certificate

Executive Summary In its ruling on the unification of criteria on 17 July 2025 (Ruling 03697/2025), the Central Economic-Administrative Court (TEAC) established that taxpayers covered

In an increasingly interconnected global context, hiring non-EU talent in Spain has become a key tool for filling technical vacancies, driving innovation and strengthening business